Main Article Content
Abstract
Berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang dibutuhkan untuk menghadapi tantangan abad 21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas empat sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 61 siswa berasal dari SD se-gugus II Kapanewon Playen Kabupaten Gunungkidul , Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan tes dengan indikator menginterpretasi, menganalisis, dan mengevaluasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif yang mencakup ketiga indikator dengan kategori kategori sangat baik, baik, cukup, kurang, dan sangat kurang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata skor berpikir kritis siswa berada pada kategori cukup. Lebih jauh, pada indikator menginterpretasi didominasi kategori cukup, pada indikator menganalisis didominasi kategori baik, dan pada indikator mengevaluasi didominasi kategori cukup. Dengan demikian, kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar tersebut berada pada kategori cukup. Namun demikian, terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pada pada masing-masing indikator.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Abrami, P.C., Bernard, R.M., Borokhovski, E., Waddington, D.I., Wade, C.A., & Persson, T. (2015). Strategies for teaching students to think critically: A meta-analysis. review of educational research, 85(2), 275–314. doi.org/10.3102/0034654314551063
- Adawiyah, S.S., Auliya, Z.U., & Pamungkas, M.D. (2021). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal persamaan diferensial ditinjau dari perbedaan gender. MATH LOCUS: Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika, 2(2), 57–66. doi.org/10.31002/mathlocus.v2i2.1933
- Agboeze, M.U., Unu, F.M., & Ugwoke, E.O. (2013). Enhancement of critical thinking skills of vocational and adult education students for entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Journal of Education, 4(17), 116–124.
- Aizikovitsh-Udi, E., & Cheng, D. (2015). Developing critical thinking skills from dispositions to abilities: Mathematics education from early childhood to high school. creative education, 06(04), 455–462. doi.org/10.4236/ce.2015.64045
- Akpur, U. (2020). Critical, reflective, creative thinking and their reflections on academic achievement. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37. doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100683
- Aktaş , A.S., & Ünlü , M. (2013). Critical Thinking Skills of Teacher Candidates of Elementary Mathematics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 831–835. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.288
- Anggito, A., Pujiastuti, P., & Gularso, D. (2021). The effect of video project-based learning on students’ critical thinking skills during the covid-19 pandemic. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(3), 1858–1867. doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i3.772
- Arif, D.F.A., Zaenuri, & Cahyono, A.N. (2019). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis pada model Problem Based Learning ( PBL ) berbantu media pembelajaran interaktif dan google classroom. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana UNNES, 2018, 323–328.
- Arikunto, S. (2019). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka cipta.
- Arini, W., & Juliadi, F. (2018). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis pada mata pelajaran fisika untuk pokok bahasan vektor siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Lubuklinggau, Sumatera Selatan. UAD Journal Management System, 10(1), 1–11.
- Asy’ari, M., Prayogi, S., & Samsuri, T. & Muhali. (2016). Literatur reviu tentang kaitan berpikir kritis, berpikir kreatif, dan metakognisi dalam pembelajaran. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pusat Kajin Pendidikan Sains Dan Matematika Tahun 2016, March.
- Azizah, M., Sulianto, J., & Cintang, N. (2018). Analysis of critical thinking skills of elementary school students in learning Mathematics Curriculum 2013. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 35(1), 61–70.
- Changwong, K., Sukkamart, A., & Sisan, B. (2018). Critical thinking skill development: Analysis of a new learning management model for Thai high schools. Journal of International Studies, 11(2), 37–48. doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2018/11-2/3
- Duron, R., Limbach, B., & Waugh, W. (2006). Critical thinking framework for any discipline. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 17, 160-166.
- Ennis, R.H. (2011). The nature of critical thinking: An outline of critical thinking dispositions. The Sixth International Conference on Thinking, 1–8.
- Facione, P.A., Gittens, C.A., & Facione, N.C. (2016). Cultivating a critical thinking mindset 1. Measured Reasons, January, 1–9.
- Facione, P.A. (2020). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts 2020 Update. In Insight assessment: Vol. XXVIII (Issue 1).
- Fitriani, A., Zubaidah, S., & Hidayati, N. (2022). The quality of student critical thinking: A survey of high schools in Bengkulu, Indonesia. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 8(2), 142–149. doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v8i2.18129
- Florea, N.M., & Hurjui, E. (2015). Critical Thinking in Elementary School Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180(May), 565–572. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.161
- Hakim, A., Liliasari, Kadarohman, A., & Syah, Y.M. (2016). Improvement of student critical thinking skills with the natural product mini project laboratory learning. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 16(3), 322–328. doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21149
- Hasan, R., Lukitasari, M., Utami, S., & Anizar. (2019). The activeness, critical, and creative thinking skills of students in the lesson study-based inquiry and cooperative learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia, 5(1), 77–84. doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v5i1.7328
- Idris, N.W. (2020). Pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Jurnal Sains dan Pendidikan Fisika, JSPF, 16(1), 39-50. doi.org/10.35580/jspf.v16i1.15284
- Indriyani, Chandra, E., & Roviati, E. (2022). Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa laki-laki dan perempuan dalam pembelajaran discovery learning menggunakan LKS elektronik pada materi ruang lingkup Biologi. Bioeduschience, X, 1–12.
- Irawati, D., Iqbal, A.M., Hasanah, A., & Arifin, B.S. (2022). Profil Pelajar Pancasila sebagai upaya mewujudkan karakter bangsa. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1), 1224–1238. doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i1.3622
- Isro, A.L., Anggraito, Y.U., & Bintari, S.H. (2021). Description of students’ critical thinking skills in integrated PJBL STEM learning environmental change material. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 10(37), 237–243.
- Jufriadi, A., Huda, C., Aji, S.D., Pratiwi, H. Y., & Ayu, H.D. (2022). Analisis keterampilan abad 21 melalui implementasi kurikulum merdeka belajar kampus merdeka. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 7(1),39–53. doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v7i1.2482
- Kawuryan, S. P., Sayuti, S. A., & Aman. (2022). Critical thinking among fourth grade elementary schol students: A gender perspective. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 41(1), 211–224. doi.org/10.21831/cp.v41i1.44322
- Liang, W., & Fung, D. (2021). Fostering critical thinking in English-as-a-second-language classrooms: Challenges and opportunities. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 39, 100769. doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100769
- Luzyawati, L. (2017). An outline of goals for a critical thinking curriculum and its assessment. EduSains: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematika, 5(2), 9–21.
- Manassero, M.A., Salvo, A.M., & Alonso, A.V. (2022). Development of an instrument to assess young people’s attitudes toward critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 45(July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101100
- Maslakhatunni’mah, D., Safitri, L.B., & Agnafia, D.N. (2019). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas VII SMP. Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Sains 2019, 179–185.
- O’Reilly, C., Devitt, A., & Hayes, N. (2022). Critical thinking in the preschool classroom - A systematic literature review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46(August). doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101110
- Ongardwanich, N., Kanjanawasee, S., & Tuipae, C. (2015). Development of 21st century skill scales as perceived by students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191(2 June 2015), 737–741. doi.org/10.101/j.sbspro.2015.04.716
- Panjaitan, M.O. (2011). Kemampuan tim pengembang kurikulum merancang kegiatan pembelajaran dan penilaian yang mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kompleks (Suatu survai terhadap TPK di 4 kabupaten). Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 17(5), 491–500. doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v17i5.44
- Fitriani, A., Zubaidah, S., & Hidayati, N. (2022). The quality of student critical thinking: A survey of high schools in Bengkulu, Indonesia. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 8(2), 142–149. doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v8i2.18129
- Florea, N.M., & Hurjui, E. (2015). Critical Thinking in Elementary School Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180(May), 565–572. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.161
- Hakim, A., Liliasari, Kadarohman, A., & Syah, Y.M. (2016). Improvement of student critical thinking skills with the natural product mini project laboratory learning. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 16(3), 322–328. doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21149
- Hasan, R., Lukitasari, M., Utami, S., & Anizar. (2019). The activeness, critical, and creative thinking skills of students in the lesson study-based inquiry and cooperative learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia, 5(1), 77–84. doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v5i1.7328
- Idris, N.W. (2020). Pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Jurnal Sains dan Pendidikan Fisika, JSPF, 16(1), 39-50. doi.org/10.35580/jspf.v16i1.15284
- Indriyani, Chandra, E., & Roviati, E. (2022). Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa laki-laki dan perempuan dalam pembelajaran discovery learning menggunakan LKS elektronik pada materi ruang lingkup Biologi. Bioeduschience, X, 1–12.
- Irawati, D., Iqbal, A.M., Hasanah, A., & Arifin, B.S. (2022). Profil Pelajar Pancasila sebagai upaya mewujudkan karakter bangsa. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1), 1224–1238. doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i1.3622
- Isro, A.L., Anggraito, Y.U., & Bintari, S.H. (2021). Description of students’ critical thinking skills in integrated PJBL STEM learning environmental change material. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 10(37), 237–243.
- Jufriadi, A., Huda, C., Aji, S.D., Pratiwi, H. Y., & Ayu, H.D. (2022). Analisis keterampilan abad 21 melalui implementasi kurikulum merdeka belajar kampus merdeka. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 7(1),39–53. doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v7i1.2482
- Kawuryan, S. P., Sayuti, S. A., & Aman. (2022). Critical thinking among fourth grade elementary schol students: A gender perspective. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 41(1), 211–224. doi.org/10.21831/cp.v41i1.44322
- Liang, W., & Fung, D. (2021). Fostering critical thinking in English-as-a-second-language classrooms: Challenges and opportunities. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 39, 100769. doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100769
- Luzyawati, L. (2017). An outline of goals for a critical thinking curriculum and its assessment. EduSains: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematika, 5(2), 9–21.
- Manassero, M.A., Salvo, A.M., & Alonso, A.V. (2022). Development of an instrument to assess young people’s attitudes toward critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 45(July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101100
- Maslakhatunni’mah, D., Safitri, L.B., & Agnafia, D.N. (2019). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas VII SMP. Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Sains 2019, 179–185.
- O’Reilly, C., Devitt, A., & Hayes, N. (2022). Critical thinking in the preschool classroom - A systematic literature review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46(August). doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101110
- Ongardwanich, N., Kanjanawasee, S., & Tuipae, C. (2015). Development of 21st century skill scales as perceived by students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191(2 June 2015), 737–741. doi.org/10.101/j.sbspro.2015.04.716
- Panjaitan, M.O. (2011). Kemampuan tim pengembang kurikulum merancang kegiatan pembelajaran dan penilaian yang mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kompleks (Suatu survai terhadap TPK di 4 kabupaten). Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 17(5), 491–500. doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v17i5.44
- Piawa, C.Y. (2010). Building a test to assess creative and critical thinking simultaneously. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 551–559. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.062
- Prameswari, S.W., Suharno, S., & Sarwanto, S. (2018). Inculcate Critical Thinking Skills in Primary Schools. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 1(1), 742–750. doi.org/10.20961/shes.v1i1.23648
- Rahmawati, S., Masykuri, M., & Sarwanto. (2019). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Topik Klasifikasi Materi dan Perubahannya Siswa SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Magetan. Prosiding SNPS (Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Sains), 173–178.
- Redhana, I.W. (2019). Mengembangkan keterampilan abad ke-21 dalam pembelajaran kimia. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia, 13(1), 2239-2253
- Santoso, H. (2010). Pengaruh Cooperative Learning dipandu Inquiry terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA berkemampuan atas dan bawah di Kota Metro. Jurnal Bioedukasi, 1(2). doi.org/10.24127/bioedukasi.v1i2.193
- Santrock, J.W. (2016). Children Thirteenth Edition. McGraw Hill
- Schunk, D.H. (2012). Learning Theories, An Educational Perspective. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Setiawan, Y.E. (2020). Analisis kesalahan siswa dalam menilai kebenaran suatu pernyataan. Jurnal Didaktik Matematika, 7(1), 13–31. doi.org/10.24815/jdm.v7i1.14495
- Sianturi, A., Sipayung, T.N., & Simorangkir, F.M.A. (2018). Pengaruh model problem based learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa SMPN 5 Sumbul. UNION: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 6(1), 29–42. doi.org/10.30738/.v6i1.2082
- Sidiq, Y., Ishartono, N., Desstya, A., Prayitno, H.J., Anif, S., & Hidayat, M.L. (2021). Improving elementary school students’ critical thinking skill in science through hots-based science questions: A quasi-experimental study. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 10(3), 378–386. doi.org/10.15294/JPII.V10I3.30891
- Suciono, W., Rasto, & Ahman, E. (2021). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran ekonomi era revolusi 4.0. SOCIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 17(1), 48–56. doi.org/10.21831/socia.v17i1.32254
- Suriati, A., Sundaygara, C., & Kurniawati, M. (2021). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis pada siswa kelas X SMA Islam Kepanjen. Rainstek Jurnal Terapan Sains dan Teknologi, 3(3), 176–185. doi.org/10.21067/jtst.v3i3.6053
- Sutrisno, F. H., Handayanto, S. K., Supriyana, E., & Laksmisari, R. (2018). How does the students’ critical thinking ability in geometry optics? Unnes Science Education Journal, 7(2), 186–191. doi.org/10.15294/usej.v7i2.24297
- Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills_ learning for life in our times. Jossey-Bass
- Utami, B., Saputro, S., Ashadi, A., Masykuri, M., & Widoretno, S. (2017). Critical thinking skills profile of high school students in learning chemistry. International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series, 1(2), 124-130 doi.org/10.20961/ijsascs.v1i2.5134
- Wijaya, E.Y., Sudjimat, D.A., & Nyoto, A. (2016). Transformasi Pendidikan Abad 21 Sebagai Tuntutan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Matematika 2016 ~ Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang
- Abrami, P.C., Bernard, R.M., Borokhovski, E., Waddington, D.I., Wade, C.A., & Persson, T. (2015). Strategies for teaching students to think critically: A meta-analysis. review of educational research, 85(2), 275–314. doi.org/10.3102/0034654314551063
- Adawiyah, S.S., Auliya, Z.U., & Pamungkas, M.D. (2021). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal persamaan diferensial ditinjau dari perbedaan gender. MATH LOCUS: Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika, 2(2), 57–66. doi.org/10.31002/mathlocus.v2i2.1933
- Agboeze, M.U., Unu, F.M., & Ugwoke, E.O. (2013). Enhancement of critical thinking skills of vocational and adult education students for entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Journal of Education, 4(17), 116–124.
- Aizikovitsh-Udi, E., & Cheng, D. (2015). Developing critical thinking skills from dispositions to abilities: Mathematics education from early childhood to high school. creative education, 06(04), 455–462. doi.org/10.4236/ce.2015.64045
- Akpur, U. (2020). Critical, reflective, creative thinking and their reflections on academic achievement. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37. doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100683
- Aktaş , A.S., & Ünlü , M. (2013). Critical Thinking Skills of Teacher Candidates of Elementary Mathematics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 831–835. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.288
- Anggito, A., Pujiastuti, P., & Gularso, D. (2021). The effect of video project-based learning on students’ critical thinking skills during the covid-19 pandemic. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(3), 1858–1867. doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i3.772
- Arif, D.F.A., Zaenuri, & Cahyono, A.N. (2019). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis pada model Problem Based Learning ( PBL ) berbantu media pembelajaran interaktif dan google classroom. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana UNNES, 2018, 323–328.
- Arikunto, S. (2019). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka cipta.
- Arini, W., & Juliadi, F. (2018). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis pada mata pelajaran fisika untuk pokok bahasan vektor siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Lubuklinggau, Sumatera Selatan. UAD Journal Management System, 10(1), 1–11.
- Asy’ari, M., Prayogi, S., & Samsuri, T. & Muhali. (2016). Literatur reviu tentang kaitan berpikir kritis, berpikir kreatif, dan metakognisi dalam pembelajaran. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pusat Kajin Pendidikan Sains Dan Matematika Tahun 2016, March.
- Azizah, M., Sulianto, J., & Cintang, N. (2018). Analysis of critical thinking skills of elementary school students in learning Mathematics Curriculum 2013. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 35(1), 61–70.
- Changwong, K., Sukkamart, A., & Sisan, B. (2018). Critical thinking skill development: Analysis of a new learning management model for Thai high schools. Journal of International Studies, 11(2), 37–48. doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2018/11-2/3
- Duron, R., Limbach, B., & Waugh, W. (2006). Critical thinking framework for any discipline. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 17, 160-166.
- Ennis, R.H. (2011). The nature of critical thinking: An outline of critical thinking dispositions. The Sixth International Conference on Thinking, 1–8.
- Facione, P.A., Gittens, C.A., & Facione, N.C. (2016). Cultivating a critical thinking mindset 1. Measured Reasons, January, 1–9.
- Facione, P.A. (2020). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts 2020 Update. In Insight assessment: Vol. XXVIII (Issue 1).
- Fitriani, A., Zubaidah, S., & Hidayati, N. (2022). The quality of student critical thinking: A survey of high schools in Bengkulu, Indonesia. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 8(2), 142–149. doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v8i2.18129
- Florea, N.M., & Hurjui, E. (2015). Critical Thinking in Elementary School Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180(May), 565–572. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.161
- Hakim, A., Liliasari, Kadarohman, A., & Syah, Y.M. (2016). Improvement of student critical thinking skills with the natural product mini project laboratory learning. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 16(3), 322–328. doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21149
- Hasan, R., Lukitasari, M., Utami, S., & Anizar. (2019). The activeness, critical, and creative thinking skills of students in the lesson study-based inquiry and cooperative learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia, 5(1), 77–84. doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v5i1.7328
- Idris, N.W. (2020). Pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Jurnal Sains dan Pendidikan Fisika, JSPF, 16(1), 39-50. doi.org/10.35580/jspf.v16i1.15284
- Indriyani, Chandra, E., & Roviati, E. (2022). Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa laki-laki dan perempuan dalam pembelajaran discovery learning menggunakan LKS elektronik pada materi ruang lingkup Biologi. Bioeduschience, X, 1–12.
- Irawati, D., Iqbal, A.M., Hasanah, A., & Arifin, B.S. (2022). Profil Pelajar Pancasila sebagai upaya mewujudkan karakter bangsa. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1), 1224–1238. doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i1.3622
- Isro, A.L., Anggraito, Y.U., & Bintari, S.H. (2021). Description of students’ critical thinking skills in integrated PJBL STEM learning environmental change material. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 10(37), 237–243.
- Jufriadi, A., Huda, C., Aji, S.D., Pratiwi, H. Y., & Ayu, H.D. (2022). Analisis keterampilan abad 21 melalui implementasi kurikulum merdeka belajar kampus merdeka. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 7(1),39–53. doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v7i1.2482
- Kawuryan, S. P., Sayuti, S. A., & Aman. (2022). Critical thinking among fourth grade elementary schol students: A gender perspective. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 41(1), 211–224. doi.org/10.21831/cp.v41i1.44322
- Liang, W., & Fung, D. (2021). Fostering critical thinking in English-as-a-second-language classrooms: Challenges and opportunities. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 39, 100769. doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100769
- Luzyawati, L. (2017). An outline of goals for a critical thinking curriculum and its assessment. EduSains: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematika, 5(2), 9–21.
- Manassero, M.A., Salvo, A.M., & Alonso, A.V. (2022). Development of an instrument to assess young people’s attitudes toward critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 45(July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101100
- Maslakhatunni’mah, D., Safitri, L.B., & Agnafia, D.N. (2019). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas VII SMP. Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Sains 2019, 179–185.
- O’Reilly, C., Devitt, A., & Hayes, N. (2022). Critical thinking in the preschool classroom - A systematic literature review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46(August). doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101110
- Ongardwanich, N., Kanjanawasee, S., & Tuipae, C. (2015). Development of 21st century skill scales as perceived by students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191(2 June 2015), 737–741. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.716
- Panjaitan, M.O. (2011). Kemampuan tim pengembang kurikulum merancang kegiatan pembelajaran dan penilaian yang mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kompleks (Suatu survai terhadap TPK di 4 kabupaten). Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 17(5), 491–500. doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v17i5.44
- Piawa, C.Y. (2010). Building a test to assess creative and critical thinking simultaneously. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 551–559. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.062
- Prameswari, S.W., Suharno, S., & Sarwanto, S. (2018). Inculcate Critical Thinking Skills in Primary Schools. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 1(1), 742–750. doi.org/10.20961/shes.v1i1.23648
- Rahmawati, S., Masykuri, M., & Sarwanto. (2019). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Topik Klasifikasi Materi dan Perubahannya Siswa SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Magetan. Prosiding SNPS (Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Sains), 173–178.
- Redhana, I.W. (2019). Mengembangkan keterampilan abad ke-21 dalam pembelajaran kimia. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia, 13(1), 2239-2253
- Santoso, H. (2010). Pengaruh Cooperative Learning dipandu Inquiry terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA berkemampuan atas dan bawah di Kota Metro. Jurnal Bioedukasi, 1(2). doi.org/10.24127/bioedukasi.v1i2.193
- Santrock, J.W. (2016). Children Thirteenth Edition. McGraw Hill
- Schunk, D.H. (2012). Learning Theories, An Educational Perspective. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Setiawan, Y.E. (2020). Analisis kesalahan siswa dalam menilai kebenaran suatu pernyataan. Jurnal Didaktik Matematika, 7(1), 13–31. doi.org/10.24815/jdm.v7i1.14495
- Sianturi, A., Sipayung, T.N., & Simorangkir, F.M.A. (2018). Pengaruh model problem based learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa SMPN 5 Sumbul. UNION: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 6(1), 29–42. doi.org/10.30738/.v6i1.2082
- Sidiq, Y., Ishartono, N., Desstya, A., Prayitno, H.J., Anif, S., & Hidayat, M.L. (2021). Improving elementary school students’ critical thinking skill in science through hots-based science questions: A quasi-experimental study. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 10(3), 378–386. doi.org/10.15294/JPII.V10I3.30891
- Suciono, W., Rasto, & Ahman, E. (2021). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran ekonomi era revolusi 4.0. SOCIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 17(1), 48–56. doi.org/10.21831/socia.v17i1.32254
- Suriati, A., Sundaygara, C., & Kurniawati, M. (2021). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis pada siswa kelas X SMA Islam Kepanjen. Rainstek Jurnal Terapan Sains dan Teknologi, 3(3), 176–185. doi.org/10.21067/jtst.v3i3.6053
- Sutrisno, F. H., Handayanto, S. K., Supriyana, E., & Laksmisari, R. (2018). How does the students’ critical thinking ability in geometry optics? Unnes Science Education Journal, 7(2), 186–191. doi.org/10.15294/usej.v7i2.24297
- Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills_ learning for life in our times. Jossey-Bass
- Utami, B., Saputro, S., Ashadi, A., Masykuri, M., & Widoretno, S. (2017). Critical thinking skills profile of high school students in learning chemistry. International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series, 1(2), 124-130 doi.org/10.20961/ijsascs.v1i2.5134
- Wijaya, E.Y., Sudjimat, D.A., & Nyoto, A. (2016). Transformasi Pendidikan Abad 21 Sebagai Tuntutan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Matematika 2016 ~ Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang
- Wijayanti, R., & Siswanto, J. (2020). Profil kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA pada materi Sumber-sumber Energi. Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran Fisika, 11(1), 109–113. doi.org/10.26877/jp2f.v11i1.5533
- Yunita, S., Rohiat, S., & Amir, H. (2018). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis mata pelajaran kimia pada siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 1 Kepahiang. Alotrop, 2(1), 33–38. doi.org/10.33369/atp.v2i1.4628
- Zubaidah, S. (2010). Berfikir kritis : Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang dapat dikembangkan melalui pembelajaran sains. Seminar Nasional Sains 2010 dengan Tema “Optimalisasi Sains Untuk Memberdayakan Manusia,” 16(January 2010), 1–14. Universitas Negeri Malang.